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Brain Tumor

Expert treatment for different types of brain tumors, focusing on improving outcomes and quality of life. Tumors may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can arise from the brain itself (primary) or spread from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic).

Primary Brain Tumors: Originate in the brain (e.g., gliomas, meningiomas).

Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumors: Spread from cancers elsewhere (e.g., lung, breast).

Gliomas (most common primary tumors)

Astrocytoma (includes glioblastoma)

Oligodendroglioma

Ependymoma

Meningioma

Medulloblastoma (mostly in children)

Pituitary adenoma

Schwannoma (e.g., acoustic neuroma)

Craniopharyngioma

Lymphoma of the CNS

Grade I: Slow-growing, non-malignant

Grade II: Low-grade, may recur

Grade III: Malignant, fast-growing

Grade IV: Highly malignant (e.g., glioblastoma)

  • Genetic mutations
  • Radiation exposure
  • Family history
  • Certain genetic conditions (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome, NF1/NF2)
  • Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV/AIDS)

Primary Brain Tumors: Originate in the brain (e.g., gliomas, meningiomas).

Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumors: Spread from cancers elsewhere (e.g., lung, breast).

Gliomas (most common primary tumors)

Astrocytoma (includes glioblastoma)

Oligodendroglioma

Ependymoma

Meningioma

Medulloblastoma (mostly in children)

Pituitary adenoma

Schwannoma (e.g., acoustic neuroma)

Craniopharyngioma

Lymphoma of the CNS

Grade I: Slow-growing, non-malignant

Grade II: Low-grade, may recur

Grade III: Malignant, fast-growing

Grade IV: Highly malignant (e.g., glioblastoma)

  • Genetic mutations
  • Radiation exposure
  • Family history
  • Certain genetic conditions (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome, NF1/NF2)
  • Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV/AIDS)

Causes and Risk Factors

Genetic mutations
Radiation exposure
Family history
Certain genetic conditions (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome, NF1/NF2)
Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV/AIDS)

Symptoms

  • Headaches (worse in morning or with activity)
  • Seizures
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Cognitive or personality changes
  • Weakness or paralysisVision or hearing problems
  • Speech difficulties
  • Loss of balance or coordination

Treatment

  • Surgery
  • Complete or partial resection
  • Biopsy for diagnosis
  • Radiation therapy
  • External beam or stereotactic radiosurgery (e.g., Gamma Knife)
  • Chemotherapy
  • Temozolomide, nitrosoureas
  • Targeted therapy
  • Bevacizumab (anti-angiogenic)
  • Immunotherapy
  • Under clinical investigation